homosexuality a mental disorder - 4366 Words

HOMOSEXUALITY: A MENTAL DISORDER? A Term Paper Presented to Trexie O. Alawi College of Arts and Sciences SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY Tandag City, Surigao del Sur In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements of the Course English 102 (Writing in the Discipline): TTH 7:30 – 9:00 a.m. 2nd Semester, AY 2013-2014 By Bruce Franklyn G. Aliguay February 2014 Homosexuality: a mental disorder? Thesis Statement: People should know that, homosexuality is a normal aspect of human sexuality and should not be considered a mental disorder. OUTLINE I. What is homosexuality? II. Origin and nature of homosexuality A. Glandular disturbance B. Genetic causes C.†¦show more content†¦The term gay is used predominantly to refer to self-identified homosexuals of either sex. Lesbian is a gender-specific term that is only used for self-identified homosexual females. Dr. Vincent Berger added that, Gay in modern usage usually refers to homosexual men or women. Gay sometimes also refers to the culture of homosexual men and women (as in gay history), to things perceived by others to be typical of gay people (as in gay music), or to same-sex more generally (as in gay marriage). Most people consider gay and homosexual to be synonyms. Note that while Gay applies to men and women equally, the term lesbian is gender-specific and is used exclusively to describe homosexual women. There is no corresponding word for gay men. According to Sanchez and Agpaoa, (2009) homosexuality on the other hand is the generic term used to denote sexual responsiveness to members of the same sex. Although more often used to describe erotic attachment among men, it is also technically encompasses female-female or lesbian relationships. While homosexuality is practiced in a variety of ways, it is not the activity itself that earns the label of deviance but the choice of sexual objects. Based on Salcedo, et al., (1999) Many common terms are used to designate the homosexuals like gays, queer, queenie, becky, bakla, bayot for males and for women, tomboy, binalalaki, T-boom, Tumbalats, and lesbian, etc. Origin and Nature ofShow MoreRelatedIs Homosexuality A Mental Disorder?1500 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality has been one of the most controversial subjects around the world for thousands of years. Being a homosexual has been seen as taboo, morally wrong, and just abnormal. Scientists have questioned the mental health status of those who proclaim themselves as being homosexual, and have even gone as far to say that homosexuality is a mental disorder. Until 1974, being homosexual was deemed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a mental illness, and classifiedRead MoreHomosexuality As A Mental Disorder1325 Words   |  6 Pagesorientation. In the United States, and many other nations across the globe, there have been hundreds of thousands of people victimized for being homosexual. Due to differing standpoints, homosexuality is seen as â€Å"immoral† or â€Å"sinful† or even â€Å"disgusting†. Up until 1973, homosexuality was als o referred to as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association. People could be openly criticized, mocked, and often killed for simply being gay. Because of these social and religious criticisms, many peopleRead MoreHomosexuality As A Mental Disorder Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the twenty-first century, homosexuality was viewed as a mental disorder that required treatment. Both counseling and aversion therapy were exercised in attempts to â€Å"cure† individuals of their sexuality. The brutal process consisted of shock therapies, lobotomies, castrations, and drugs (Scot, 2013). A device that was commonly used was the Farrall Instrument, which functioned by showing an individual of the same sex and delivering a shock until a button was pressed to deliver another slideRead MoreWhy There Is Conflict Over The Dsm 51432 Words   |  6 PagesDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and provides a common language and standard criteria for the c lassification of mental disorders. (DSM) The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as praise since it has been used. It was first published in 1952 there have been five revisions, gradually including more mental health disorders some has been removed and are no longer considered to be mental health disorders, and the most notably being homosexuality. (DSM-11) There are manyRead MoreHomosexuality Is Not a Psychological Disorder Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuality is not a psychological disorder†¦ In the past, homosexuality was considered to be a psychological disorder, up until the APA removed it from its list of mental illnesses. This was due to the fact that homosexuality causes no form of impairment on the individual’s judgment, stability, reliability, or general social and or vocational abilities. This decision made over 30 years ago, has caused a lot of criticism, many believe that the APA’s decision was made due to the amount of influenceRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1589 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper goes over several topics all of which are related to the mind and what is or is not perceived as a mental disorder. There are many different types of approaches to personality. Understanding each approach and how it compares to the others will help understand how one develops their personality. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its fifth edition. Had the original manual never been updated, there would be many individuals who are misdiagnosed. AsRead MoreHomosexuality As A Psychological Disorder1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe social argument for homosexuality dates back to the ancient Greeks. Aristophanes, in his Symposium investigates homosexuality, although not termed as such, as a desire by men to share a long-term fulfillment of the soul. He believed that two souls are longing to be together, and the sexual desire alone is not strong enough to create homosexuality, but that the cultural environment allows or forbids the relationship to occur (Heffner, 2003). The debate about homosexuality dates back further thanRead MoreMental Health And The Lgbt Community1665 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies on mental health in the LGBT community. With more people being open about their sexual orientation, the LGBT community has become a bigger target for those individuals who create difference between groups to justify discrimination of a particular group. The discriminatio n towards the LGBT community has caused problems for individuals in the community, mental health being among the biggest problem. Studies have shown that the discrimination of LGBT individuals can affect mental health. NotRead MoreThe Diagnostic Statistical Manual For Mental Health823 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mental health field. The DSM was created to assist clinicians in diagnosing and recognizing mental illness in their clients. It has been used for over six decades and there are a total of five editions. Each edition has some updated and new information that wasn’t included in the last edition. The reason for the changes in the DSM is because the mental health field is always evolving. There’s new information that’s discovered from research and is implemented into the next DSM. All mental healthRead MoreThe Psychology Of Sexual Orientations934 Words   |  4 PagesAnd with these terms came huge stigma that still exists today. There are many different sexual orientations that people identify as (including heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, as well as many others); the orien tations that do not coincide with what people viewed as normal were originally given classification as mental disorders. The most common sexual orientation, regardless of culture, is heterosexuality. This is defined as a sexual orientation in which an individual is generally sexually

Essay on The Bystander Effect in Genocides - 737 Words

Many times we ask why nobody did anything to stop such horrific events from happening. Actually, many people said that this would never happen again but this is not the case. Since the Holocaust we have seen several examples of how the general public sometimes refuses to acknowledge the occurrence of events and how the government often has little political will to stop mass murders until it is too late. One example of this that occurred not too long ago is the Rwandan Genocide. In 1994, between half a million to a million Rwandan Tutsi as well as thousands of moderate Hutu, were exterminated in the clearest mass murder case since the Holocaust. The world stood back and observed as the murders took place. Samantha Power, in the book she†¦show more content†¦The position taken by the United States then led the United Kingdom. to decide that because approval from the United States in the Security Council would be needed for intervention force such as the UNAMIR, it would not be possible for it to be approved. In other words the endangered,unsupported and under-supplied UNAMIR force should be recalled. This is a perfect example of how the world often does not act upon atrocities such as the Holocaust until it is too late. The Rwandan genocide occurred not too long ago and the world had already decided that mass murders would not occur again yet they stood back and watched as hundreds of thousands of people were killed. D. Conclusion When comparing the events of the Holocaust to the events in recent mass murders and genocides such as the Rwandan genocide we can see how such events were able to occur. Just like the general population was aware of what was happening in Rwanda to a certain extent, the Austrians were aware of how the Nazi regime was treating their prisoners. In both cases knowledge was limited but there was awareness of the fact that something was wrong. Although we now know that the Rwandan genocide could have been stopped way before hundreds of thousands of lives perished the world is beyond late in taking action. We cannot label the entire Austrian population as being responsible for the extermination of the Jews and the abuse of prisoners. The only ones who can be blamedShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide Is Not A Thing Of The Past1525 Words   |  7 PagesUnbeknownst to many, genocide is not a thing of the past. Genocide and acts of atrocity are still being enacted today all around the w orld. Due to the many genocides of the past, psychologists, anthropologists, and others who study human interaction have discovered patterns in society that could potentially lead to genocide. There are usually warning signs and underlying risk factors that indicate a society is susceptible to a future genocide. There is also a definition that explicitly defines whatRead MoreThe Holocaust Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pages Genocide is one of the most frightening terms one could hear, sending shivers down your spine just to hear the word. Genocide is the intent of extermination of a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. One of the best known Genocide’s to the world is known as the Holocaust. Germans exterminated over 6 million Jews in just a couple of years. Families were torn apart, and some of the worst things you could ever do to a human being were done in these times. After the Holocaust everyone saidRead MoreCauses of Genocide Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pages Genoc ide is an action that is not unique to any one set of specific circumstances. It knows no bounds of time or location. From thousands or years ago to present day and on every civilized continent, the eradication of entire groups of people has occurred. The current definition of genocide was established by the United Nations in 1948: â€Å"(a) Killing members of [a] group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of lifeRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1034 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough an amass of cause and effects. Their decisions were greatly influenced by their understanding of the universe of obligation, which sociologist Helen Fein defines as â€Å"the circle of individuals and groups ‘toward whom obligations are owed, to whom rules apply, and whose injuries call for [amends]’ (â€Å"We and They†56). The majority of society became bystanders to protect themself and their socia l status, leading upstanders to be a minority. Although multiple bystanders claimed to have no other optionsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Perils Of Indifference784 Words   |  4 Pagesthe inhumanity of indifference is still relevant today and can have negative effects on humanity unless society acts to abolish indifference. He develops his message through highlighting his experience in the holocaust as well as the multitude of tragedies that had occurred that century and how indifference can be handled; he states â€Å"Society was composed of three simple categories: the killer, the victim, and the bystander.†(par 14) which shows how his experience and society today is categorized. HeRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Rwandan Genocide Under The Clinton Administration975 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1994, one of the most brutal genocides of all time took place in the small country of Rwanda. Over the span of approximately 100 days, 800,000 Rwandans were killed—an average of 8,000 pe ople per day— with Tutsis being the primary target. The staggering numbers called for international intervention, yet the action taken across the world was slim. Samantha Power’s â€Å"Bystanders to Genocide† reveals that the U.S.’s handling of the Rwandan genocide under the Clinton Administration was both minimalisticRead MoreThe Sunflower By Simon Wiesenthal Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesthis agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of, â€Å"What makes a person a leader?† Whereas some are convinced that people are natural born leaders. Becoming a leader consists with a few reasons such as developed leadership skills, the bystander apathy, and the diffusion of responsibility. Leadership is a honorary degree that contains many practices to which can truly affect his/her position into leading others. Leadership can be a particular ability that can either be a mental or a physicalRead MoreWill You Practice What You Preach? Essay example1493 Words   |  6 Pagesof bullying, just how responsible is a bystander to act? We don’t have to put ourselves at danger necessarily, but calling the police or just saying, â€Å"Stop that!† could go a long way. The choice to act or not to act when crisis strikes lies within a person’s psyche. This dilemma is a widely known trend called the bystander effect. As authors and psychological researchers Jason Marsh and Dacher Keltner describe in their article â€Å"We Are All Bystanders,† â€Å"When study participants thought thereRead MoreReflective Essay On Silence In Night870 Words   |  4 Pagesstepped in, millions of innocent lives would have been rescued. One voice was all that it would have taken to stop this nightmare. However, due to the lack of action, a huge genocide occurred, and it left behind a charred mark on history. Another way that silence is unacceptable is that ordinary townspeople were bystanders. For instance, in the memoir, Elie Wiesel is recalling a moment in which he and the other prisoners were forced to march through small towns. â€Å"As we were passing through someRead MorePsychological Effects of the Holocaust3873 Words   |  16 Pagesto be exterminated. Bystanders followed each other’s lack of action and chose to stand by idly while watching the mass murder of millions of people. Finally, upstanders were able to recognize that what was happening was wrong and risked their own lives in stepping up to help victims in any way they could. These three types of individuals all acted in various different ways, and their actions are explained through similar psychology that weve seen in countless other genocides throughout history.

Strategic Policy Framework for Tiny Opera-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Policy Framework for Tiny Opera. Answer: Introduction This chapter discusses Tiny Opera organisations sustainability incorporation in their company policy statements. There is also an outline of how the newly hired sustainability projects managers have develop the policy in favour of their company. Objectives are the specific action items on how you will achieve your goal. The objectives should be measureable, achievable, relative to the goal and timing, meaning they should call out specifically what you plan to do, how you plan to do and within what time frame. It is important to produce objectives as precise as promising that one can measure feat and track how the company are progressing next to company goals. The draft outline of the proposed policy system is added to the report, how they can communicate and enforce the policies are also discussed. There is also predicted effective outcome of generalising the policies annual profit, which will affect the annual turnover of the company (Schulteet al., 2014). Policies of Tiny Opera The theatre has been built on the vision of a performer and operating on a town from 1970s. The company has more than 10 personnels working in the company including part timers. There are three policy development plan that is suggested after reading the current practises that are being conducted in the organisation (Hk and Moldan, 2016). After brief discussion with the business development manager Nic Tan this has been suggested that, some operational problems have lead to misuse of company resources. In addition, the environmental sustainability needs to be regarded while developing the policy. This will lead to Socio-economic development as, professional training of the companys internal staff and handling customer representative programs will lead to overall development of the organisation. This policy will also include more business opportunity for the local community area (Weber and Rohracher, 2012). The right mix of rules and policies will contribute to public policy goals. The atrics is a dying form of art but keeping it alive in the society has a societal benefit that contributes to the business reputation (Zheng and Kammen, 2014). Providing entertainment in this form to keep innovating and integrating the strategic environment sustainability drivers is also important. Keeping the classic trends growing by theatrics is also drives the socio-economic impacts. Community gathering and social events. Increasing accountability and efficiency of the internal people through the code of conduct. Environmental protection plan and transparency in dialogue and lasting stakeholders relationship (Van et al.,2012).. Outline of the environmental and sustainability legislation that applies to Tiny Opera Company Environment protection act 1997, which helps in regulatory framework to companies that eliminate the adverse effects of pollutants (Schulteet al., 2014). The equal opportunity for women in work place act 1999, which dictates the opportunities for professional development and promotion of women. The energy efficiency opportunities act 2006 for use and identification of energy saving opportunities. The NGER act which reports on greenhouse emission of the companys resources. Office of environment and heritage (NSW) (Weber and Rohracher, 2012). National pollutant inventory reporting requirements (NPI) (Zheng and Kammen, 2014). How do I developed the sustainability program for the company The company is focused on increasing its sustainability. It has some operational issues that have affected its annual turnover (Weber and Rohracher, 2012). They are mainly focused on the principles of efficiency. Waste management is also needs to be considered for the future development of the companys development programs. Reduction in misuse of the company resources, were also in the agenda to develop the sustainability(Van et al.,2012). Employing lifecycle management resources are also there to increase strategically improving the development policies. This is also a good process to increase the internal environment of the company. Improving the cultural benefit by their business was also there to keep the policy plan in mind (Swartjes, 2012). Three-policy option for Tiny Opera The company rents their property for various theatrics events. For fluency in operation, the company can increase the value framework of their policy. There is three-policy option proposed in the following text for Tiny Opera. Increasing digital medium of communication for internal work process this will increase the usage of safe medium to communicate. Scope and objective of the policy - The usage of paper in the company will decrease. Thus, the rubbish related to usage of paper would decrease, which will also lead to physical communication medium expenses. As online internal communication is reasonable. It can be predicted that it will also have a positive impact on the revenue turnover (Wieczorek and Hekkert, 2012). Lifecycle management programs - from the discussion with the manager it is clear that the company wants to focus on the appropriate management ethics (Murphy, 2012). Show of support from the management, including the mark of highest-level executive in the subdivision or company illustrate superior management sustain and buy-in for sustainability all through the company operations. Scope and objective of the policy - The lifecycle interprets the recycling programs, which ensure the goodwill of the company. There is also business reputation of the company that gets affected. Tiny Opera runs on the visibility and community peoples word of mouth. Therefore, a better goodwill will also increase the market opportunity of the theatrics performances (Van et al.,2012). Improvement in Corporate social responsibility programs and societal marketing the company is currently operating in culture improvement events while keeping in mind the classic trends of theatrics(Griggs et al., 2013). Scope and objective of the policy The vision and mission of the company was to promote and increase the opera culture too as it was established when opera was a sign of watching rich culture and theatrics. Therefore, having the CSR responsibility focused on having maintaining a dying art culture can add to the social marketing improvement (Swartjes, 2012). Thus, it will also have a indirect impact on promoting the events. Strategies for promoting awareness and increase sustainability policy The proposed policy for the work environment needs to be effectively communicated to the stakeholders of the company. There needs to be two kind of promoting activities. The promotion for internal stakeholders and other for the external stakeholders to increase awareness and visibility of the theatre. The internal communication strategies needs to be effective to enforce the policy get started in practise. This can be done by the giving the heads up in staff orientation programs. Displaying the objectives to the staff and promoting within organisation is also needed. Not only awareness but also compliance of the policies by the staff and customer is needed. Emphasizing the policy enforcements reviewing the policy taking in to consideration, any audit findings annually as minimum expenses. The provisions of appropriate training and government enforcement policies are also effective in this matter. Information dissemination in this matter is also needed. Cross-departmental training, promoting by verbal and notifying by official mail can be applied in the everyday activity. Promoting to the external stakeholders of the company can be done by offering newsletters, hoarding the statements in short in the visible posters of the theater platform or in the office-building premise are the full proof plan can be initiated(Wieczorek and Hekkert, 2012). The flagship owner of the company is exclusive and any strategic method can be used in the companys perspective. Strategies the impact to develop the policy For implementation of the companies, developed policy is crucial for their own organizational development. This will also include the measurements of new policy impact (Griggs et al., 2013). The promotion planning is not enough the compliance needs to come from the staff itself. The stakeholders engagement of the companys new policy is also needed. This will ensure the increase in companys overall performance improvisation (Serrat, 2017). Better using policy on air conditioners, recyclable paper usage and encouraging visitors to consider sustainability in their everyday work and social life will also have influence in developing the policy (Murphy, 2012). Focusing on management principle, ethics and training new staff the sustainability incorporated policy framework will also give desired outcome for the company (Wieczorek and Hekkert, 2012). Focusing on using digital media and digitally integrated work-culture will also reduce the usage of paper while there will also be reduction in rubbish usage (Waligo, Clarke and Hawkins, 2013). Using volatile organic compound in the workplace like organic paints for more sustainability incorporation will also increase the uniqueness of the property in the eye of the visitors come customer (Serrat, 2017). Conclusion Therefore, from the above framework of policy improvement in the organization, the proposed policies can affect the company performance for this year. The impact of incorporating this policy will also have marketing and awareness enforcement in the company. The bulk of the sustainability policy will be made up of the goals and objectives your company identified. These will work as a guide or road map for sustainable actions moving forward as an organization. However, it is important to clearly state the commitment and intentions as a company. The company environmental project manager has suggested the sustainability-focused policies. There is also justification of having this policy in the organization References Griggs, D., Stafford-Smith, M., Gaffney, O., Rockstrm, J., hman, M.C., Shyamsundar, P., Steffen, W., Glaser, G., Kanie, N. and Noble, I., 2013. Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet.Nature,495(7441), pp.305-307. Hk, T., Janoukov, S. and Moldan, B., 2016. Sustainable Development Goals: A need for relevant indicators.Ecological Indicators,60, pp.565-573. Murphy, K., 2012. The social pillar of sustainable development: a literature review and framework for policy analysis.Sustainability: Science, Practice, Policy,8(1). Schulte, R.P., Creamer, R.E., Donnellan, T., Farrelly, N., Fealy, R., ODonoghue, C. and OhUallachain, D., 2014. Functional land management: a framework for managing soil-based ecosystem services for the sustainable intensification of agriculture.Environmental Science Policy,38, pp.45-58. Serrat, O., 2017. The sustainable livelihoods approach. InKnowledge solutions(pp. 21-26). Springer Singapore. Swartjes, F.A., Rutgers, M., Lijzen, J.P.A., Janssen, P.J.C.M., Otte, P.F., Wintersen, A., Brand, E. and Posthuma, L., 2012. State of the art of contaminated site management in The Netherlands: Policy framework and risk assessment tools.Science of the Total Environment,427, pp.1-10. Van Rompuy, H., Barroso, J.M., Juncker, J.C. and Draghi, M., 2012. Towards a genuine economic and monetary union.European Council. Brssel,5. Waligo, V.M., Clarke, J. and Hawkins, R., 2013. Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework.Tourism management,36, pp.342-353. Weber, K.M. and Rohracher, H., 2012. Legitimizing research, technology and innovation policies for transformative change: Combining insights from innovation systems and multi-level perspective in a comprehensive failures framework.Research Policy,41(6), pp.1037-1047. Wieczorek, A.J. and Hekkert, M.P., 2012. Systemic instruments for systemic innovation problems: A framework for policy makers and innovation scholars.Science and Public Policy,39(1), pp.74-87. Zheng, C. and Kammen, D.M., 2014. An innovation-focused roadmap for a sustainable global photovoltaic industry.Energy Policy,67, pp.159-169